深色模式
人教版初中英语八年级下册·全册学习资料
一、本册知识大纲
Unit 1 What's the matter?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 健康与疾病（Health and Illness） |
| 核心词汇 | matter, stomachache, fever, cough, toothache, headache, sore throat, lie down, rest, take one's temperature |
| 语法重点 | 情态动词should提建议；What's the matter?句型；反身代词（myself, yourself等） |
| 功能项目 | 描述身体不适；给出健康建议；询问他人状况 |
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 志愿服务与公益活动（Volunteering） |
| 核心词汇 | clean up, cheer up, give out, volunteer, come up with, put off, set up, make a difference |
| 语法重点 | 动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾补；动词短语（动词+副词） |
| 功能项目 | 提出志愿服务建议；表达意愿和计划；讨论社区服务 |
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 家务劳动与请求许可（Chores and Permission） |
| 核心词汇 | chore, fold, sweep, throw, all the time, as soon as, in surprise |
| 语法重点 | 情态动词could表示礼貌请求与许可；Could you (please)...? 句型 |
| 功能项目 | 礼貌地提出请求；征求许可；讨论家务分工 |
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 人际交往与建议（Interpersonal Communication） |
| 核心词汇 | allow, guess, wrong, midnight, communicate, explain, nervous, offer |
| 语法重点 | Why don't you...?/Why not...? 提建议；until, although, so that引导的从句 |
| 功能项目 | 谈论问题与困难；给出建议；表达担忧与关心 |
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 难忘事件与过去进行时（Memorable Events） |
| 核心词汇 | rainstorm, alarm, begin, heavily, suddenly, strange, storm, wind, light, report |
| 语法重点 | 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）；when与while引导的时间状语从句 |
| 功能项目 | 讲述过去正在发生的事；描述天气事件；叙述过去某时刻正在进行的动作 |
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 传说与故事（Legends and Stories）——《西游记》《愚公移山》 |
| 核心词汇 | shoot, stone, weak, god, remind, silly, instead of, object, hide, tail, stick |
| 语法重点 | as soon as, unless, so...that...引导的状语从句；连词辨析 |
| 功能项目 | 讲述故事与传说；用英语复述故事情节；讨论故事寓意 |
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 自然地理与数字表达（Geography and Numbers） |
| 核心词汇 | population, square, meter, deep, desert, wall, achievement, weigh, birth, adult, bamboo |
| 语法重点 | 大数字的读法与表达；形容词/副词的比较级和最高级；度量表达 |
| 功能项目 | 描述地理特征；表达数值与度量；比较事物特征 |
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 文学与音乐（Literature and Music） |
| 核心词汇 | treasure, island, classic, page, hurry, due, already, ever, fiction, technology, French |
| 语法重点 | 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）；already/yet/ever/never的用法区别 |
| 功能项目 | 谈论已读过的书/听过的音乐；推荐作品；讨论文学与音乐品味 |
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 有趣的地方（Interesting Places）——博物馆、游乐园、太空博物馆 |
| 核心词汇 | museum, amusement, camera, invention, toilet, encourage, progress, peaceful, perfect |
| 语法重点 | 现在完成时（have been to / have gone to / have been in）；ever/never用法 |
| 功能项目 | 谈论去过的地方；描述参观经历；讨论学习与娱乐 |
Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 话题 | 周围环境与物品（Living Surroundings）——庭院 sale、旧物、邻里 |
| 核心词汇 | yard, yard sale, sweet, memory, cent, toy, bear, maker, scarf, soft, board, bedroom |
| 语法重点 | 现在完成时（持续性用法：for/since）；瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换 |
| 功能项目 | 谈论拥有某物的时间；讨论物品与记忆；描述周围环境的变迁 |
二、各单元重要考点详解
【考点1】情态动词should / could / could的用法辨析
1. should 的用法
- should 表示"应该"，用于提出建议或劝告。
- 结构：should + 动词原形
- 例句：You should lie down and rest.（你应该躺下来休息。）
- 否定：You shouldn't read in the sun.（你不应该在太阳下看书。）
2. could 的两种用法
| 用法 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 表示过去的能力 | "能够" | I could swim when I was five. |
| 表示礼貌请求 | "可以/能...吗？"（比can更客气） | Could you please help me? |
3. Could you (please)...? 句型
- Could you please + 动词原形？（请你做某事好吗？）
- 肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.
- 否定回答：Sorry, I can't. I have to...
【考点2】反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
| 人称 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | myself（我自己） | ourselves（我们自己） |
| 第二人称 | yourself（你自己） | yourselves（你们自己） |
| 第三人称 | himself / herself / itself | themselves（他们/她们/它们自己） |
常见搭配：
- enjoy oneself = have a good time（玩得开心）
- help oneself to...（随便吃/用...）
- teach oneself = learn by oneself（自学）
- hurt oneself（伤到自己）
- by oneself（独自地）
【考点3】过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）★重点
构成：was/were + 现在分词（V-ing）
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + was/were + doing | I was reading at 8 p.m. yesterday. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + was/were + not + doing | She wasn't watching TV then. |
| 一般疑问句 | Was/Were + 主语 + doing? | Were they playing basketball? |
用法详解：
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（常与at 9 o'clock, at that time, at this time yesterday等连用）
- At 8:00 last night, I was doing my homework.
when/while引导的时间状语从句
- when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时（短动作打断长动作）
- I was walking in the street when it began to rain.
- while 引导的从句用过去进行时，主句也用过去进行时（两个动作同时进行）
- While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.
- while 后接延续性动词，when 后可接短暂性或延续性动词
- when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时（短动作打断长动作）
特定语境中的用法
- 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的背景动作
- It was raining all morning yesterday.
【考点4】现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）★★★本册重中之重
构成：have/has + 过去分词（done）
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + have/has + done | I have finished my homework. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + haven't/hasn't + done | She hasn't come yet. |
| 一般疑问句 | Have/Has + 主语 + done? | Have you ever been to Beijing? |
基本用法：
用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
- I have lost my key.（我现在进不了门）
- She has already eaten breakfast.（她现在不饿了）
用法二：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for/since连用）
- I have lived here for ten years.
- He has studied English since 2015.
标志词（时间状语）辨析：
| 标志词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| already | 已经（多用于肯定句） | I have already finished. |
| yet | 还/已经（多用于否定句和疑问句） | Have you finished yet? |
| ever | 曾经（疑问句） | Have you ever been there? |
| never | 从不/从未 | I have never seen him. |
| just | 刚刚 | I have just eaten. |
| before | 以前 | I have met him before. |
| for + 时间段 | 持续多久 | for two hours / for three days |
| since + 时间点/从句 | 自从...以来 | since 2010 / since I came here |
| in the past/last + 时间段 | 在过去...时间里 | in the last few years |
have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析：
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have been to | 去过某地（已回来） | I have been to Shanghai twice. |
| have gone to | 去了某地（未回来或在途中） | He has gone to London. |
| have been in | 在某地待了多久 | She has been in Beijing for 5 years. |
瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换（重点！）
当现在完成时与for/since连用时，瞬间动词须转换为延续性动词：
| 瞬间动词 | 延续性动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| buy | have | I have had this book for two weeks.（不用bought） |
| borrow | keep | He has kept the dictionary since Monday. |
| open | be open | The shop has been open for an hour. |
| close | be closed | The door has been closed since morning. |
| begin/start | be on | The film has been on for 10 minutes. |
| leave | be away (from) | She has been away for three days. |
| die | be dead | His grandfather has been dead for 10 years. |
| join | be in/be a member of | He has been in the army since 2020. |
| get married | be married | They have been married for 20 years. |
| become | be | She has been a teacher since 2018. |
| fall asleep | be asleep | The baby has been asleep for an hour. |
| catch a cold | have a cold | I have had a cold for three days. |
| arrive/reach | be in/at | They have been in Beijing for a week. |
【考点5】直接引语变间接引语（Reported Speech）
变化规则：
| 变化项 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 人称 | 根据句意调整 | She said, "I am tired." → She said she was tired. |
| 时态 | 退一步原则 | He said, "I am busy." → He said he was busy. |
| 时间/地点 | 相应变化 | now→then, today→that day, here→there |
| 指示代词 | 远近转换 | this→that, these→those |
注意： 如果主句是现在时，从句时态不变。
- She says, "I will go." → She says she will go.
【考点6】反意疑问句（Tag Questions）
构成：陈述句 + 简短疑问句（前肯后否，前否后肯）
| 陈述句 | 反意疑问部分 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 否定 | You like English, don't you? |
| 否定 | 肯定 | He didn't come, did he? |
| 含否定词（few, little, never, hardly） | 肯定 | He never tells lies, does he? |
| I am... | aren't I | I am right, aren't I? |
| Let's... | shall we | Let's go, shall we? |
| Let us... | will you | Let us go, will you? |
| There be... | be there | There is a book, isn't there? |
| 主句（宾从） | 与主句一致 | He said he would come, didn't he? |
回答规则： 根据实际情况回答，不受陈述句肯定/否定影响。
- —You don't like coffee, do you? —Yes, I do.（不，我喜欢。）/ No, I don't.（是的，我不喜欢。）
【考点7】宾语从句（Object Clauses）
1. 连接词：
- that（陈述句作宾语从句，that可省略）
- if/whether（一般疑问句作宾从，"是否"）
- 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句作宾从：what, when, where, why, how等）
2. 语序：宾语从句必须用陈述语序
- What's the matter? → Can you tell me what the matter is?
- Where does he live? → I don't know where he lives.
3. 时态呼应：
- 主句现在时，从句用任意合适时态
- 主句过去时，从句退一步（现在→过去，过去→过去完成）
- 客观真理永用一般现在时
【考点8】提建议的句型汇总
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| You should + V. | You should drink more water. |
| You'd better (not) + V. | You 'd better see a doctor. |
| Why don't you + V.? | Why don't you talk to your parents? |
| Why not + V.? | Why not take a walk? |
| What/How about + doing? | What about going shopping? |
| Shall we + V.? | Shall we meet at 3 p.m.? |
| Let's + V. | Let's go to the park. |
| Could you please + V.? | Could you please open the door? |
三、必背单词表
Unit 1
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| matter | /ˈmætə(r)/ | n. | 问题；事情 |
| stomachache | /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ | n. | 胃痛；腹痛 |
| foot | /fʊt/ | n. | 脚；足（pl. feet） |
| neck | /nek/ | n. | 颈；脖子 |
| stomach | /ˈstʌmək/ | n. | 胃；腹部 |
| throat | /θrəʊt/ | n. | 咽喉；喉咙 |
| fever | /ˈfiːvə(r)/ | n. | 发烧 |
| lie | /laɪ/ | v. | 躺；平躺 |
| rest | /rest/ | v./n. | 放松；休息 |
| cough | /kɒf/ | v./n. | 咳嗽 |
| X-ray | /ˈeks reɪ/ | n. | X射线；X光 |
| toothache | /ˈtuːθeɪk/ | n. | 牙痛 |
| headache | /ˈhedeɪk/ | n. | 头痛 |
| break | /breɪk/ | v./n. | 间歇；休息；打破（broke, broken） |
| hurt | /hɜːt/ | v. | （使）疼痛；受伤 |
| passenger | /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ | n. | 乘客；旅客 |
| off | /ɒf/ | adv./prep. | 离开（某处）；不工作 |
| onto | /ˈɒntə/ | prep. | 向；朝 |
| trouble | /ˈtrʌbl/ | n. | 问题；苦恼 |
| hit | /hɪt/ | v. | （用手或器具）击；打 |
| knee | /niː/ | n. | 膝盖；膝 |
| sick | /sɪk/ | adj. | 生病的；有病的 |
| risk | /rɪsk/ | n./v. | 危险；风险；冒险 |
| situation | /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ | n. | 情况；状况 |
| control | /kənˈtrəʊl/ | n./v. | 限制；约束；管理 |
| knee | /niː/ | n. | 膝盖 |
| bandage | /ˈbændɪdʒ/ | n. | 绷带 |
| nosebleed | /ˈnəʊzbliːd/ | n. | 鼻出血 |
| breathe | /briːð/ | v. | 呼吸 |
| sunburned | /ˈsʌnbɜːnd/ | adj. | 晒伤的 |
| climber | /ˈklaɪmə(r)/ | n. | 登山者；攀登者 |
| be used to | /bi ˈjuːst tuː/ | 短语 | 习惯于……；适应于…… |
| danger | /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ | n. | 危险；风险 |
| accident | /ˈæksɪdənt/ | n. | （交通）事故；意外遭遇 |
| wash | /wɒʃ/ | v. | 洗 |
| arm | /ɑːm/ | n. | 手臂；上肢 |
| sick | /sɪk/ | adj. | 生病的；有病的 |
Unit 2
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cheer | /tʃɪə(r)/ | v. | 欢呼；喝彩 |
| volunteer | /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ | v./n. | 自愿做；志愿者 |
| notice | /ˈnəʊtɪs/ | n./v. | 通知；公告；注意到 |
| lonely | /ˈləʊnli/ | adj. | 孤独的；寂寞的 |
| several | /ˈsevrəl/ | pron./adj. | 几个；数个；一些 |
| feeling | /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ | n. | 感觉；感触 |
| satisfaction | /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/ | n. | 满足；满意 |
| joy | /dʒɔɪ/ | n. | 高兴；愉快 |
| owner | /ˈəʊnə(r)/ | n. | 物主；主人 |
| journey | /ˈdʒɜːni/ | n. | （尤指长途）旅行；行程 |
| raise | /reɪz/ | v. | 募集；征集 |
| alone | /əˈləʊn/ | adv./adj. | 独自；单独 |
| repair | /rɪˈpeə(r)/ | v./n. | 修理；修补 |
| fix | /fɪks/ | v. | 修理；安装 |
| wheel | /wiːl/ | n. | 车轮；轮子 |
| letter | /ˈletə(r)/ | n. | 信；函 |
| Miss | /mɪs/ | n. | 女士；小姐 |
| blind | /blaɪnd/ | adj. | 瞎的；失明的 |
| deaf | /def/ | adj. | 聋的 |
| disabled | /dɪsˈeɪbld/ | adj. | 丧失能力的；有残疾的 |
| unable | /ʌnˈeɪbl/ | adj. | 不能的；无法的 |
| train | /treɪn/ | v. | 训练；培训 |
| kindness | /ˈkaɪndnəs/ | n. | 仁慈；善良 |
| clever | /ˈklevə(r)/ | adj. | 聪明的；聪颖的 |
| understand | /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ | v. | 理解；领会 |
| change | /tʃeɪndʒ/ | v./n. | 变化；改变 |
| interest | /ˈɪntrəst/ | n./v. | 兴趣；关注；使感兴趣 |
| sir | /sɜː(r)/ | n. | 先生 |
| madam | /ˈmædəm/ | n. | 夫人；女士 |
Unit 3
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rubbish | /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ | n. | 垃圾；废物 |
| fold | /fəʊld/ | v. | 折叠；对折 |
| sweep | /swiːp/ | v. | 扫；打扫（swept, swept） |
| floor | /flɔː(r)/ | n. | 地板 |
| mess | /mes/ | n. | 杂乱；不整洁 |
| throw | /θrəʊ/ | v. | 扔；掷（threw, thrown） |
| neither | /ˈnaɪðə(r)/ | adv./pron. | 也不；两者都不 |
| shirt | /ʃɜːt/ | n. | 衬衫 |
| pass | /pɑːs/ | v. | 给；递；走过；通过 |
| borrow | /ˈbɒrəʊ/ | v. | 借；借用 |
| lend | /lend/ | v. | 借给；借出（lent, lent） |
| finger | /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/ | n. | 手指 |
| hate | /heɪt/ | v. | 厌恶；讨厌 |
| chore | /tʃɔː(r)/ | n. | 杂务；乏味无聊的工作 |
| while | /waɪl/ | conj. | 与……同时；当……时候；然而 |
| snack | /snæk/ | n. | 点心；小吃；快餐 |
| stress | /stres/ | n./v. | 精神压力；心理负担；强调 |
| waste | /weɪst/ | n./v. | 浪费；垃圾 |
| provide | /prəˈvaɪd/ | v. | 提供；供应 |
| anyway | /ˈeniweɪ/ | adv. | 而且；加之 |
| depend | /dɪˈpend/ | v. | 依靠；信赖 |
| develop | /dɪˈveləp/ | v. | 发展；壮大 |
| fairness | /ˈfeənəs/ | n. | 公正性；合理性 |
| since | /sɪns/ | conj. | 因为；既然；从……以后 |
| neighbor | /ˈneɪbə(r)/ | n. | 邻居 |
| ill | /ɪl/ | adj. | 有病；不舒服 |
| drop | /drɒp/ | v. | 落下；掉下 |
Unit 4
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| allow | /əˈlaʊ/ | v. | 允许；准许 |
| wrong | /rɒŋ/ | adj. | 有毛病的；错误的 |
| guess | /ɡes/ | v. | 猜测；估计 |
| deal | /diːl/ | n./v. | 协议；交易；处理 |
| relation | /rɪˈleɪʃn/ | n. | 关系；联系；交往 |
| communication | /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ | n. | 交流；沟通 |
| argue | /ˈɑːɡjuː/ | v. | 争吵；争论 |
| cloud | /klaʊd/ | n. | 云；云朵 |
| elder | /ˈeldə(r)/ | adj./n. | 年纪较长的；长者 |
| instead | /ɪnˈsted/ | adv. | 代替；反而；却 |
| whatever | /wɒtˈevə(r)/ | pron./adj. | 任何；每一 |
| nervous | /ˈnɜːvəs/ | adj. | 焦虑的；担忧的 |
| offer | /ˈɒfə(r)/ | v./n. | 主动提出；自愿给予 |
| proper | /ˈprɒpə(r)/ | adj. | 正确的；恰当的 |
| secondly | /ˈsekəndli/ | adv. | 第二；其次 |
| communicate | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | v. | 交流；沟通 |
| explain | /ɪkˈspleɪn/ | v. | 解释；说明 |
| clear | /klɪə(r)/ | adj./v. | 清楚易懂的；清晰的；清理 |
| copy | /ˈkɒpi/ | v. | 抄袭；模仿；复制 |
| return | /rɪˈtɜːn/ | v. | 归还；回来；返回 |
| anymore | /ˌeniˈmɔː(r)/ | adv. | 再也（不）；（不）再 |
| member | /ˈmembə(r)/ | n. | 成员；分子 |
| pressure | /ˈpreʃə(r)/ | n. | 压力 |
| compete | /kəmˈpiːt/ | v. | 竞争；对抗 |
| opinion | /əˈpɪnjən/ | n. | 意见；想法；看法 |
| skill | /skɪl/ | n. | 技艺；技巧 |
| typical | /ˈtɪpɪkl/ | adj. | 典型的；有代表性的 |
| continue | /kənˈtɪnjuː/ | v. | 持续；继续存在 |
| compare | /kəmˈpeə(r)/ | v. | 比较；对比 |
| crazy | /ˈkreɪzi/ | adj. | 不理智的；疯狂的 |
| push | /pʊʃ/ | v. | 鞭策；督促；推动 |
| development | /dɪˈveləpmənt/ | n. | 发展；发育；成长 |
| cause | /kɔːz/ | v./n. | 造成；引起；原因；理由 |
| usual | /ˈjuːʒuəl/ | adj. | 通常的；寻常的 |
Unit 5
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rainstorm | /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ | n. | 暴风雨 |
| alarm | /əˈlɑːm/ | n. | 闹钟 |
| begin | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | v. | 开始（began, begun） |
| heavily | /ˈhevɪli/ | adv. | 在很大程度上；大量地；以猛力 |
| suddenly | /ˈsʌdənli/ | adv. | 突然；忽然 |
| strange | /streɪndʒ/ | adj. | 奇特的；奇怪的 |
| storm | /stɔːm/ | n. | 暴风雨 |
| wind | /wɪnd/ | n. | 风 |
| light | /laɪt/ | n./v./adj. | 光；光线；点（火）；轻的；明亮的 |
| report | /rɪˈpɔːt/ | v./n. | 报道；公布 |
| area | /ˈeəriə/ | n. | 地域；地区 |
| wood | /wʊd/ | n. | 木头；木材 |
| window | /ˈwɪndəʊ/ | n. | 窗；窗户 |
| flashlight | /ˈflæʃlaɪt/ | n. | 手电筒；火炬 |
| match | /mætʃ/ | n. | 火柴 |
| beat | /biːt/ | v. | 敲打；打败（beat, beaten） |
| against | /əˈɡenst/ | prep. | 倚；碰；撞 |
| asleep | /əˈsliːp/ | adj. | 睡着 |
| rise | /raɪz/ | v./n. | 升起；增加；提高（rose, risen） |
| fallen | /ˈfɔːlən/ | adj. | 倒下的；落下的 |
| apart | /əˈpɑːt/ | adv. | 分离；分开 |
| icy | /ˈaɪsi/ | adj. | 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 |
| kid | /kɪd/ | v./n. | 开玩笑；欺骗；小孩 |
| realize | /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ | v. | 理解；领会；认识到 |
Unit 6
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| shoot | /ʃuːt/ | v. | 射击；发射（shot, shot） |
| stone | /stəʊn/ | n. | 石头 |
| weak | /wiːk/ | adj. | 虚弱的；无力的 |
| god | /ɡɒd/ | n. | 神；上帝 |
| remind | /rɪˈmaɪnd/ | v. | 提醒；使想起 |
| bit | /bɪt/ | n. | 一点；小块 |
| silly | /ˈsɪli/ | adj. | 愚蠢的；不明事理的 |
| instead of | /ɪnˈsted əv/ | 短语 | 代替；反而 |
| object | /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ | n. | 物体；物品 |
| hide | /haɪd/ | v. | 隐藏；隐蔽（hid, hidden） |
| tail | /teɪl/ | n. | 尾巴 |
| magic | /ˈmædʒɪk/ | adj./n. | 有魔力的；魔法；法术 |
| stick | /stɪk/ | v./n. | 刺；戳；棍；条（stuck, stuck） |
| excite | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | v. | 使激动；使兴奋 |
| Western | /ˈwestən/ | adj. | 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；西方的 |
| once upon a time | /wʌns əˈpɒn ə taɪm/ | 短语 | 从前 |
| stepsister | /ˈstepsɪstə(r)/ | n. | 继姐（妹） |
| prince | /prɪns/ | n. | 王子 |
| fall | /fɔːl/ | v. | 落下；跌落（fell, fallen） |
| fit | /fɪt/ | v./adj. | 适合；合身；健康的 |
| couple | /ˈkʌpl/ | n. | （尤指）夫妻；两人 |
| smile | /smaɪl/ | v./n. | 笑；微笑 |
| marry | /ˈmæri/ | v. | 结婚 |
| get married | /ɡet ˈmærid/ | 短语 | 结婚 |
| turn...into | /tɜːn ˈɪntuː/ | 短语 | 变成 |
| emperor | /ˈempərə(r)/ | n. | 皇帝 |
| silk | /sɪlk/ | n. | 丝绸；丝织物 |
| underwear | /ˈʌndəweə(r)/ | n. | 内衣 |
| nobody | /ˈnəʊbədi/ | pron. | 没有人 |
| cheat | /tʃiːt/ | v./n. | 欺骗；蒙骗；骗子 |
Unit 7
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| square | /skweə(r)/ | adj./n. | 平方的；正方形；广场 |
| meter | /ˈmiːtə(r)/ | n. | 米；公尺 |
| deep | /diːp/ | adj./adv. | 深的；纵深的；深深地 |
| desert | /ˈdezət/ | n. | 沙漠 |
| population | /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ | n. | 人口；人口数量 |
| Asia | /ˈeɪʒə/ | n. | 亚洲 |
| feel free | /fiːl friː/ | 短语 | （可以）随便（做某事） |
| tour | /tʊə(r)/ | n./v. | 旅行；旅游 |
| tourist | /ˈtʊərɪst/ | n. | 旅行者；观光者 |
| wall | /wɔːl/ | n. | 墙 |
| amazing | /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ | adj. | 令人大为惊奇的 |
| ancient | /ˈeɪnʃənt/ | adj. | 古代的；古老的 |
| wide | /waɪd/ | adj. | 宽的；宽阔的 |
| achievement | /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ | n. | 成就；成绩 |
| southwestern | /saʊθˈwestən/ | adj. | 西南的；西南方向的 |
| thick | /θɪk/ | adj. | 厚的；浓的 |
| include | /ɪnˈkluːd/ | v. | 包括；包含 |
| freezing | /ˈfriːzɪŋ/ | adj. | 极冷的；冰冻的 |
| condition | /kənˈdɪʃn/ | n. | 条件；状况 |
| take in | /teɪk ɪn/ | 短语 | 吸入；吞入（体内） |
| succeed | /səkˈsiːd/ | v. | 实现目标；成功 |
| challenge | /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ | v./n. | 挑战；考验 |
| force | /fɔːs/ | n./v. | 力；力量；强迫 |
| nature | /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ | n. | 自然界；大自然 |
| ocean | /ˈəʊʃn/ | n. | 大海；海洋 |
| the Pacific Ocean | /ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃn/ | 短语 | 太平洋 |
| cm (centimeter) | /ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)/ | n. | 厘米 |
| weigh | /weɪ/ | v. | 重量是……；称……的重量 |
| birth | /bɜːθ/ | n. | 出生；诞生 |
| adult | /ˈædʌlt/ | n./adj. | 成年人；成年的 |
| bamboo | /ˌbæmˈbuː/ | n. | 竹子 |
| endangered | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ | adj. | 濒危的 |
| research | /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ | n./v. | 研究；调查 |
| keeper | /ˈkiːpə(r)/ | n. | 饲养员；保管人 |
| awake | /əˈweɪk/ | adj. | 醒着 |
| excitement | /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ | n. | 激动；兴奋 |
| illness | /ˈɪlnəs/ | n. | 疾病；病 |
| wild | /waɪld/ | adj. | 野生的 |
| government | /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ | n. | 政府；内阁 |
| whale | /weɪl/ | n. | 鲸 |
| protection | /prəˈtekʃn/ | n. | 保护；保卫 |
Unit 8
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| treasure | /ˈtreʒə(r)/ | n. | 珠宝；财富 |
| island | /ˈaɪlənd/ | n. | 岛 |
| classic | /ˈklæsɪk/ | adj./n. | 经典的；名著 |
| page | /peɪdʒ/ | n. | （书或纸张的）页 |
| hurry | /ˈhʌri/ | v./n. | 匆忙；赶快；急忙 |
| due | /djuː/ | adj. | 到期的；由于 |
| ship | /ʃɪp/ | n. | 船 |
| tool | /tuːl/ | n. | 工具 |
| gun | /ɡʌn/ | n. | 枪；炮 |
| mark | /mɑːk/ | n./v. | 痕迹；记号；做标记 |
| sand | /sænd/ | n. | 沙滩；沙 |
| cannibal | /ˈkænɪbl/ | n. | 食人肉者 |
| towards | /təˈwɔːdz/ | prep. | 朝；向；对着 |
| land | /lænd/ | n./v. | 陆地；大地；着陆 |
| fiction | /ˈfɪkʃn/ | n. | 小说；虚构的事 |
| science fiction | /ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn/ | n. | 科幻小说 |
| technology | /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ | n. | 科技；工艺 |
| French | /frentʃ/ | n./adj. | 法语；法国（人）的 |
| pop | /pɒp/ | n./adj. | 流行音乐；流行的 |
| rock | /rɒk/ | n. | 摇滚乐 |
| band | /bænd/ | n. | 乐队 |
| country music | /ˈkʌntri ˈmjuːzɪk/ | n. | 乡村音乐 |
| forever | /fərˈevə(r)/ | adv. | 永远 |
| abroad | /əˈbrɔːd/ | adv. | 在国外；到国外 |
| actually | /ˈæktʃuəli/ | adv. | 真实地；事实上 |
| ever since | /ˈevə sɪns/ | 短语 | 自从 |
| fan | /fæn/ | n. | 迷；狂热爱好者 |
| southern | /ˈsʌðən/ | adj. | 南方的 |
| modern | /ˈmɒdn/ | adj. | 现代的；当代的 |
| success | /səkˈses/ | n. | 成功；成就 |
| belong | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | v. | 属于；归属 |
| laughter | /ˈlɑːftə(r)/ | n. | 笑；笑声 |
| beauty | /ˈbjuːti/ | n. | 美；美丽 |
| million | /ˈmɪljən/ | num. | 一百万 |
| record | /ˈrekɔːd/ | n. | 唱片；记录 |
| introduce | /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ | v. | 介绍；引见 |
| line | /laɪn/ | n. | 行；排 |
Unit 9
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| amusement | /əˈmjuːzmənt/ | n. | 娱乐；游戏 |
| amusement park | /əˈmjuːzmənt pɑːk/ | n. | 游乐园 |
| somewhere | /ˈsʌmweə(r)/ | adv. | 在某处；到某处 |
| camera | /ˈkæmərə/ | n. | 照相机；摄像机 |
| invention | /ɪnˈvenʃn/ | n. | 发明；发明物 |
| toilet | /ˈtɔɪlət/ | n. | 厕所；坐便器 |
| encourage | /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ | v. | 鼓励；激励 |
| progress | /ˈprəʊɡres/ | n./v. | 进步；进展 |
| peaceful | /ˈpiːsfl/ | adj. | 和平的；安宁的 |
| perfect | /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ | adj. | 完美的；完全的 |
| tea art | /tiː ɑːt/ | n. | 茶艺 |
| performance | /pəˈfɔːməns/ | n. | 表演；演出 |
| tea set | /tiː set/ | n. | 茶具 |
| collect | /kəˈlekt/ | v. | 收集；采集 |
| a couple of | /ə ˈkʌpl əv/ | 短语 | 两个；一对；几个 |
| German | /ˈdʒɜːmən/ | adj./n. | 德国的；德语；德国人 |
| theme | /θiːm/ | n. | 主题 |
| attraction | /əˈtrækʃn/ | n. | 有吸引力的事（或人） |
| province | /ˈprɒvɪns/ | n. | 省份 |
| thousand | /ˈθaʊznd/ | num. | 一千 |
| on the one hand...on the other hand | 短语 | 一方面……另一方面 | |
| safe | /seɪf/ | adj. | 安全的；无危险的 |
| simply | /ˈsɪmpli/ | adv. | 仅仅；只；不过 |
| fear | /fɪə(r)/ | v./n. | 害怕；惧怕；担忧 |
| whether | /ˈweðə(r)/ | conj. | 不管……还是；是否 |
| Indian | /ˈɪndiən/ | adj./n. | 印度的；印度人 |
| Japanese | /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/ | adj./n. | 日本的；日语；日本人 |
| fox | /fɒks/ | n. | 狐狸 |
| all year round | /ɔːl jɪə raʊnd/ | 短语 | 全年 |
| equator | /ɪˈkweɪtə(r)/ | n. | 赤道 |
| whenever | /wenˈevə(r)/ | conj. | 在任何……的时候 |
| spring | /sprɪŋ/ | n. | 春天 |
Unit 10
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| yard | /jɑːd/ | n. | 院子 |
| yard sale | /jɑːd seɪl/ | n. | 庭院拍卖会 |
| sweet | /swiːt/ | adj./n. | 甜的；糖果 |
| memory | /ˈmeməri/ | n. | 记忆；回忆 |
| cent | /sent/ | n. | 分（辅币单位） |
| toy | /tɔɪ/ | n. | 玩具 |
| bear | /beə(r)/ | n. | 熊 |
| maker | /ˈmeɪkə(r)/ | n. | 生产者；制订者 |
| scarf | /skɑːf/ | n. | 围巾；披巾（pl. scarves/scarfs） |
| soft | /sɒft/ | adj. | 软的；柔软的 |
| check | /tʃek/ | v./n. | 检查；审查 |
| board | /bɔːd/ | n. | 板；木板 |
| junior | /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ | adj. | 地位（职位、级别）较低的 |
| clear | /klɪə(r)/ | v./adj. | 清理；清除 |
| bedroom | /ˈbedruːm/ | n. | 卧室 |
| own | /əʊn/ | adj./v. | 自己的；拥有 |
| railway | /ˈreɪlweɪ/ | n. | 铁路；铁道 |
| certain | /ˈsɜːtn/ | adj. | 某种；某事；肯定的 |
| honest | /ˈɒnɪst/ | adj. | 诚实的；老实的 |
| truthful | /ˈtruːθfl/ | adj. | 真实的；诚实的 |
| while | /waɪl/ | n. | 一段时间；一会儿 |
| hometown | /ˈhəʊmtaʊn/ | n. | 家乡；故乡 |
| nowadays | /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ | adv. | 现今；现在 |
| search | /sɜːtʃ/ | v./n. | 搜索；搜查 |
| among | /əˈmʌŋ/ | prep. | 在（其）中；……之一 |
| crayon | /ˈkreɪən/ | n. | 彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔） |
| shame | /ʃeɪm/ | n. | 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 |
| regard | /rɪˈɡɑːd/ | v. | 将……认为；把……视为 |
| count | /kaʊnt/ | v. | 数数 |
| century | /ˈsentʃəri/ | n. | 百年；世纪 |
| opposite | /ˈɒpəzɪt/ | adj./prep./n. | 相对的；与……相对；对立面 |
| especially | /ɪˈspeʃəli/ | adv. | 尤其；特别 |
| childhood | /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ | n. | 童年；幼年 |
| hold | /həʊld/ | v. | 拥有；抓住（held, held） |
| memory | /ˈmeməri/ | n. | 记忆 |
四、必背短语和句型汇总
Unit 1 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| What's the matter? = What's wrong? | 怎么了？出什么事了？ |
| have a cold | 感冒 |
| have a stomachache | 胃痛 |
| have a sore back | 背痛 |
| have a sore throat | 喉咙痛 |
| have a fever | 发烧 |
| have a cough | 咳嗽 |
| have a toothache | 牙痛 |
| have a headache | 头痛 |
| take one's temperature | 量体温 |
| lie down | 躺下 |
| take breaks / take a break | 休息 |
| get off | 下车 |
| to one's surprise | 使……惊讶的是 |
| right away | 立刻；马上 |
| get into a fight | 争吵 |
| fall down | 摔倒 |
| cut oneself | 割伤自己 |
| put a bandage on... | 在……上绑绷带 |
| feel sick | 感到恶心/不舒服 |
| have a nosebleed | 流鼻血 |
| breathe heavily | 呼吸困难 |
| get hit on the head | 头部受到撞击 |
| get sunburned | 晒伤 |
| be used to doing sth. | 习惯于做某事 |
| run out (of) | 用尽；耗尽 |
| get out of | 离开；从……出去 |
| be in control of | 掌管；管理 |
| give up | 放弃 |
| because of | 因为；由于 |
Unit 2 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| clean up | 打扫（或清除）干净 |
| cheer up | （使）变得更高兴；（使）振奋起来 |
| give out | 分发；散发 |
| come up with | 想出；提出（主意、计划等） |
| put off | 推迟 |
| put up | 张贴；搭建 |
| hand out | 分发 |
| call up | 打电话给；征召 |
| care for | 照顾；非常喜欢 |
| try out | 参加选拔；试用 |
| work out | 成功地发展；解决 |
| fix up | 修理；装饰 |
| give away | 赠送；捐赠 |
| set up | 建立；创立 |
| make a difference | 影响；有作用 |
| used to do sth. | 过去常常做某事 |
| run out of | 用完；耗尽 |
| take after | （外貌或行为）像 |
| be similar to | 与……相似 |
| raise money for | 为……筹钱 |
| help out | 帮忙解决困难 |
| at the age of | 在……岁时 |
| decide to do sth. | 决定做某事 |
| make a plan to do | 制定计划做某事 |
| spend time on / (in) doing | 花费时间在…… |
Unit 3 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| do chores | 做家务 |
| do the dishes | 洗碗 |
| take out the rubbish | 倒垃圾 |
| fold the clothes | 叠衣服 |
| sweep the floor | 扫地 |
| make the bed | 铺床 |
| clean the living room | 打扫客厅 |
| as soon as | 一……就…… |
| in surprise | 惊讶地 |
| get mad at sb. | 生某人的气 |
| give sb. a ride | 让某人搭便车 |
| pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. | 把某物递给某人 |
| lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. | 把某物借给某人 |
| borrow sth. from sb. | 向某人借某物 |
| all the time | 频繁；反复 |
| as...as... | 和……一样…… |
| in front of | 在……前面 |
| depend on | 依靠；信赖 |
| develop children's independence | 培养孩子的独立性 |
| look after = take care of | 照顾 |
| get into a good habit | 养成好习惯 |
| in order to | 目的是；为了 |
Unit 4 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| What's wrong? | 怎么了？ |
| get into a fight | 争吵 |
| talk about | 谈论 |
| hang over | 笼罩 |
| refuse to do sth. | 拒绝做某事 |
| offer to do sth. | 主动提出做某事 |
| communicate with | 与……交流 |
| be worried about | 担心…… |
| argue with sb. | 与某人争吵 |
| so that | 以便；为了 |
| be angry with sb. | 生某人的气 |
| be angry about sth. | 因某事生气 |
| get good grades | 取得好成绩 |
| compete with / against | 与……竞争 |
| cut out | 删除；删去 |
| compare...with... | 比较；对比 |
| in one's opinion | 依……看 |
| all kinds of | 各种各样的 |
| push sb. hard | 对某人要求严格 |
| keep on doing sth. | 继续做某事 |
| give up doing sth. | 放弃做某事 |
Unit 5 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| at the time of... | 在……的时候 |
| walk home from school | 放学步行回家 |
| wait for the bus | 等公交车 |
| make sure | 确保；确认 |
| at first | 首先；最初 |
| have trouble (in) doing sth. | 做某事有困难 |
| take a hot shower | 洗热水澡 |
| miss the bus | 错过公交车 |
| by the side of the road | 在路边 |
| walk by | 路过 |
| shout for help | 大声呼救 |
| call the police | 报警 |
| the rest of | 剩余的…… |
| take a photo | 拍照 |
| tell sb. the truth | 告诉某人实情 |
| point out | 指出 |
| go away | 消失；走开 |
| die down | 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 |
| rise/come into one's mind | 涌上某人心头 |
| beat heavily against... | 猛烈地敲打…… |
| fall asleep | 入睡 |
| wake up | 醒来 |
| in a mess | 一团糟 |
Unit 6 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| work on doing sth. | 致力于做某事 |
| as soon as | 一……就…… |
| once upon a time | 从前 |
| turn...into... | 把……变成…… |
| instead of | 代替；反而 |
| get married | 结婚 |
| fall in love | 爱上；喜欢上 |
| be made of | 由……制成（看出原材料） |
| be made from | 由……制成（看不出原材料） |
| sound like | 听起来像 |
| remind sb. of... | 使某人想起…… |
| have problems (in) doing sth. | 做某事有困难 |
| learn from | 向……学习 |
| make a plan | 制定计划 |
| be able to | 能够 |
| come out | 出版；发行；出现 |
| become interested in | 对……产生兴趣 |
| from time to time | 不时；偶尔 |
| every time | 每次；每当 |
| keep doing sth. | 坚持做某事 |
Unit 7 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| the highest mountain | 最高的山 |
| square meters | 平方米 |
| as far as I know | 据我所知 |
| feel free to do sth. | 随便做某事 |
| in the world | 在世界上 |
| any other mountain | 其他任何一座山 |
| of all... | 在所有……中 |
| run along... | 绵延；贯穿 |
| freezing weather | 严寒的天气 |
| take in air | 呼吸空气 |
| in the face of difficulties | 面对困难 |
| give up doing sth. | 放弃做某事 |
| achieve one's dream | 实现梦想 |
| even though / even if | 即使；虽然 |
| at birth | 出生时 |
| up to | 至多有；不多于 |
| weigh many times more than... | 重量是……的许多倍 |
| prepare...for... | 为……准备…… |
| walk into | 走进 |
| fall over | 摔倒 |
| or so | 大约 |
| spend time doing sth. | 花时间做某事 |
Unit 8 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| think of / about | 考虑；想起 |
| full of / filled with | 充满……的 |
| hurry up | 赶快；急忙 |
| grow up | 长大；成长 |
| bring back | 使回忆起；带回 |
| ever since | 自从 |
| in the 1960s | 在20世纪60年代 |
| at least | 至少 |
| one another | 互相 |
| introduce...to... | 把……介绍给…… |
| be kind to sb. | 对某人友好 |
| trust one another | 互相信任 |
| remind sb. that... | 提醒某人…… |
| have meaning to... | 对……有意义 |
| look forward to doing | 期待做某事 |
| belong to | 属于 |
| enjoy success in | 在……方面享受成功 |
| on the radio | 在广播中 |
| see sb. do sth. | 看见某人做某事（全过程） |
Unit 9 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| have been to | 去过某地（已回） |
| have gone to | 去了某地（未回） |
| have been in | 在某地待了多久 |
| the space museum | 太空博物馆 |
| amusement park | 游乐园 |
| neither of | （两者）都不 |
| a couple of | 两个；几个；一对 |
| thousands of | 数以千计的；许许多多的 |
| on the one hand...on the other hand | 一方面……另一方面 |
| learn about | 了解；得知 |
| have problems doing sth. | 做某事有困难 |
| during the daytime | 在白天 |
| take a ride | 兜风 |
| all year round | 全年 |
| on my last school trip | 在我上次的学校旅行中 |
| be close to | 靠近 |
| in the dark | 在黑暗中 |
| after a while | 过了一会儿 |
| encourage sb. to do sth. | 鼓励某人做某事 |
| make progress | 取得进步 |
| improve English | 提高英语 |
| take photos | 拍照 |
Unit 10 重点短语
| 短语 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| yard sale | 庭院拍卖会 |
| part with | 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西） |
| as for | 至于；关于 |
| to be honest | 说实在的 |
| clear out | 清理；丢掉 |
| no longer = not...any longer | 不再；不复 |
| once in a while | 偶尔地；间或 |
| search for | 寻找；搜索 |
| across from | 在……对面 |
| according to | 依据；按照 |
| in one's opinion | 依……看 |
| millions of | 数以百万计的 |
| in order to | 为了 |
| regard...as... | 把……视为…… |
| count down | 倒数 |
| childhood memories | 童年回忆 |
| hold on to | 保留；坚持 |
| give away | 捐赠 |
| check out | 察看；观察 |
| certain special meanings | 某种特殊的意义 |
| have a look | 看一看 |
五、常见题型与例题
（一）词汇运用
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
- My father ______ (read) a newspaper at 8 o'clock last night.
- ______ you ever ______ (visit) the Great Wall?
- I have ______ (know) him since we were children.
- You look tired. You should ______ (have) a good rest.
- He ______ (hurt) his leg when he played basketball yesterday.
- Could you please ______ (sweep) the floor?
- My mother asked me ______ (not stay) out late.
- By the time I got up, my brother ______ (leave).
- I ______ (be) to Shanghai twice. It's a beautiful city.
- This book ______ (belong) to my sister.
答案：
- was reading（at 8 o'clock last night是过去进行时的标志）
- Have; visited（ever是现在完成时的标志）
- known（since从句用现在完成时，know的过去分词为known）
- have（should后接动词原形）
- hurt（yesterday表明用一般过去时，hurt的过去式仍为hurt）
- sweep（Could you please后接动词原形）
- not to stay（ask sb. not to do sth.）
- had left（by the time+过去时，主句用过去完成时）
- have been（have been to表示去过某地）
- belongs（一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数）
（二）语法选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
—______ have you studied English? —For about five years. A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
My father ______ TV when I got home yesterday. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. has watched
—Have you finished your homework ______? —No, not ______. A. yet; yet B. already; already C. already; yet D. yet; already
The teacher asked Tom ______. A. why he was late for school B. why was he late for school C. why he is late for school D. why is he late for school
______ you ______ to the zoo with me tomorrow? A. Will; go B. Do; go C. Did; go D. Have; gone
He has lived here ______ he came to this city. A. for B. since C. in D. from
—Don't forget to return the book to the library, ______ you? —No, I won't. A. will B. do C. don't D. won't
______ terrible weather it is! We can't go for a picnic. A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
I ______ this book for two weeks. I must return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept D. have lent
—______ could you please do the dishes? —No problem. A. Must B. Could C. Should D. Would
答案与解析：
- B（How long提问时间段，答语For about five years表示一段时间）
- C（when I got home yesterday表示过去某一时刻，主句用过去进行时）
- A（yet用于否定句和疑问句末，already用于肯定句中）
- A（宾语从句用陈述语序，且主句为过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态）
- A（tomorrow是一般将来时的标志，一般将来时结构为will+动词原形）
- B（since+时间点/从句，表示自从……以来，与现在完成时连用）
- A（祈使句的反意疑问句用will you）
- B（weather为不可数名词，感叹句用What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！）
- C（for two weeks是一段时间，瞬间动词borrow不能与一段时间连用，需转换为延续性动词keep）
- B（Could you please...? 是表示礼貌请求的固定句型）
（三）句型转换
按要求改写下列句子。
"Are you going to visit your uncle?" Lucy asked me.（改为间接引语） → Lucy asked me ______ I ______ going to visit my uncle.
Jim has learned Chinese for three years.（对划线部分提问） → ______ ______ has Jim learned Chinese?
They were having a meeting at that time.（改为一般疑问句） → ______ they ______ a meeting at that time?
You should take your temperature first.（改为否定句） → You ______ ______ ______ your temperature first.
He did his homework yesterday evening.（用at 8 p.m.改写句子） → He ______ ______ his homework at 8 p.m. yesterday evening.
I bought this bike three years ago.（改为同义句，用现在完成时） → I ______ ______ this bike ______ three years ago.
Tom said, "I will visit the museum tomorrow."（改为间接引语） → Tom said that ______ ______ visit the museum ______ next day.
Mary has gone to Beijing.（改为反意疑问句） → Mary has gone to Beijing, ______ ______?
Why don't you talk to your parents?（改为同义句） → ______ ______ talk to your parents? → ______ ______ talking to your parents?
Could you please open the window?（作肯定回答） → ______.
答案：
- if/whether; was（一般疑问句变宾从用if/whether引导，语序改为陈述语序，时态退一步）
- How long（对时间段提问用How long）
- Were; having（过去进行时变一般疑问句将were提前）
- should not take（should的否定在should后加not）
- was doing（at 8 p.m. yesterday evening表示过去某一时刻，用过去进行时）
- have had; since（buy是瞬间动词，转换为延续性动词have/have got，since+时间点）
- he would; the（直接引语变间接引语，人称I→he，时态will→would，tomorrow→the next day）
- hasn't she（前肯后否，has的否定缩写为hasn't）
- Why not; What/How about
- Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.
（四）完形填空（一）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Mike used to be a problem student. He often caused trouble and his teachers always 1______ him. But one thing changed his life.
It was a Tuesday morning. Mike was walking in the street 2______ he saw an old man lying on the ground. The old man looked very 3______. Mike ran to him immediately and asked, "Sir, what's the matter with you?" The old man said 4______, "I fell down and hurt my leg. I can't get up."
Mike thought for a moment. Then he used his 5______ to call 120. While they were waiting for the ambulance, Mike stayed with the old man and tried to 6______ him up. He talked with the old man about interesting things that happened at school.
When the ambulance arrived, the doctors 7______ Mike for his quick action. The old man held Mike's hand and said, "Young man, you have a kind heart. Thank you so much."
From that day on, Mike decided to 8______ his life. He began to study hard and help others. He 9______ lots of time volunteering at the old people's home. He said, "Helping others makes me feel 10______. I want to be a doctor in the future."
Now Mike is one of the best students in his class. His teachers are all proud of him.
- A. liked B. worried about C. looked after D. learned from
- A. while B. when C. before D. until
- A. happy B. bored C. weak D. relaxed
- A. easily B. loudly C. clearly D. weakly
- A. book B. pen C. phone D. ruler
- A. wake B. cheer C. call D. pick
- A. thanked B. punished C. warned D. refused
- A. continue B. forget C. change D. enjoy
- A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
- A. lonely B. good C. nervous D. afraid
答案： 1-5 B B C D C 6-10 B A C A B
解析：
- B（根据上文"Mike used to be a problem student"可知，老师们总是为他担心。worry about为……担心。）
- B（when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，表示"当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生"。）
- C（老人摔倒在地，看起来很虚弱。weak虚弱的。）
- D（老人摔伤了腿，说话应该很虚弱。weakly虚弱地。）
- C（打120需要用电话。phone电话。）
- B（cheer sb. up使某人振奋起来，是固定短语。）
- A（医生们感谢迈克的迅速行动。thanked感谢。）
- C（从那以后，迈克决定改变他的生活。change改变。）
- A（spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事，主语为人。）
- B（帮助他人使我感觉很好。good好的。）
（五）完形填空（二）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever been to Singapore? For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place to 1______. On the one hand, more than three 2______ of the population are Chinese, so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time. On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country, so it's also a good place 3______ your English.
Have you ever tried Chinese food 4______ Chinese restaurants in foreign countries? Maybe you are afraid that you won't be able to find anything good to eat when you travel. In Singapore, however, you'll find a lot of food from China. You won't have any problem 5______ rice, noodles, or dumplings. Singapore is also an excellent place to try new food. Whether you like Indian food, Western food, or Japanese food, you'll 6______ it all in Singapore.
Most large cities have zoos, 7______ have you ever been to a zoo at night? Singapore has a Night Safari. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when it's 8______. But if you've ever been to a zoo during the daytime, you might understand why this zoo is so 9______. A lot of animals only wake up at night, 10______ this is the best time to watch them.
One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. This is because the island is so close to the equator.
- A. take a vacation B. go to school C. find a job D. do business
- A. hundred B. hundreds C. quarters D. thousand
- A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced
- A. in B. on C. at D. from
- A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
- A. look for B. find out C. find D. search for
- A. but B. so C. and D. or
- A. cool B. warm C. hot D. dark
- A. special B. terrible C. boring D. dangerous
- A. because B. so C. although D. if
答案： 1-5 A C B A B 6-10 C A D A B
解析：
- A（对于中国游客来说，新加坡是一个度假的好地方。take a vacation度假。）
- C（three quarters四分之三，quarter表示"四分之一"。）
- B（不定式to practice作后置定语，修饰a good place。）
- A（in Chinese restaurants在中餐馆里，用介词in。）
- B（have problem (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，介词in可省略。）
- C（find强调结果"找到"；look for/search for强调动作；find out指查明真相。）
- A（前后句为转折关系，用but。）
- D（Night Safari是夜间动物园，天黑了去动物园似乎很奇怪。dark黑暗的。）
- A（根据上下文，夜间动物园很特别。special特别的。）
- B（很多动物只在夜间醒来，所以这是观察它们的最佳时间。so表示结果。）
（六）阅读理解（A）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
The Magic Paintbrush
Long ago, there was a young boy named Ma Liang. He loved painting very much, but he was too poor to buy a paintbrush. One night, an old man appeared in his dream and gave him a magic paintbrush. "Use this brush to help poor people," the old man said.
Ma Liang woke up and found he really had a paintbrush in his hand. He was very excited and started to paint. To his surprise, whatever he painted became real! He painted a rooster, and the rooster came to life. He painted a river, and fresh water began to flow.
When the rich man in the village heard about this, he wanted to get the magic brush. He sent his servants to catch Ma Liang and ordered him to paint a mountain of gold. Ma Liang had no choice but to obey. He painted a sea first. The rich man shouted angrily, "Why did you paint a sea? I asked for gold!" Ma Liang calmly replied, "The gold mountain is on the other side of the sea." Then he painted a small island far away and a golden mountain on it.
The greedy rich man immediately told Ma Liang to paint a big ship. As soon as the ship was ready, the rich man jumped on it with his family and sailed toward the golden mountain. When they reached the middle of the sea, Ma Liang painted huge waves. The ship sank, and the rich man was never seen again.
From then on, Ma Liang used his magic paintbrush to help all the poor villagers. He painted farm tools, houses, and food for those in need. Everyone lived happily under his help.
Why couldn't Ma Liang buy a paintbrush at first? A. Because he didn't like painting. B. Because he was too poor. C. Because there were no paintbrushes in the shop. D. Because his parents didn't allow him to paint.
Who gave Ma Liang the magic paintbrush? A. A rich man. B. His father. C. An old man in his dream. D. A kind servant.
What did Ma Liang paint first for the rich man? A. A golden mountain. B. A big ship. C. A sea. D. Huge waves.
Why did the rich man's ship sink? A. Because the ship was too small. B. Because there was a storm. C. Because Ma Liang painted huge waves. D. Because the rich man couldn't sail.
What can we learn from the story? A. Rich people are always kind. B. We should use our abilities to help others. C. Magic paintbrushes really exist. D. Poor people cannot become artists.
答案： 1-5 B C C C B
解析：
- B（根据第一段"but he was too poor to buy a paintbrush"可知，马良太穷了买不起画笔。）
- C（根据第一段"an old man appeared in his dream and gave him a magic paintbrush"可知，梦中的一位老人给了他神笔。）
- C（根据第三段"He painted a sea first"可知，马良先画了一片海。）
- C（根据第四段"Ma Liang painted huge waves. The ship sank"可知，马良画了巨浪使船沉没。）
- B（文章主旨：马良用神笔帮助穷人，惩罚贪婪的富人，告诉我们要用能力帮助他人。）
（七）阅读理解（B）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Climbing Qomolangma: Why Do People Risk Their Lives?
Mount Qomolangma, also known as Mount Everest, is the highest mountain in the world. It stands at 8,849 meters above sea level, on the border between China and Nepal. Every year, hundreds of climbers from around the world attempt to reach its summit. But why do so many people risk their lives to climb this dangerous mountain?
For many climbers, the answer is simple: because it's there. George Mallory, a British climber who disappeared on Qomolangma in 1924, once gave this famous reply when asked why he wanted to climb it. The challenge of conquering the world's highest peak attracts brave people who want to test their limits.
Climbing Qomolangma is extremely dangerous. The "death zone" lies above 8,000 meters, where the air is so thin that most people cannot survive for more than 48 hours. Temperatures can drop to -60°C, and winds can blow at over 200 kilometers per hour. Avalanches, icefalls, and sudden storms add to the risks. Since the first successful ascent in 1953 by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, more than 300 climbers have lost their lives on the mountain.
Despite the dangers, reaching the summit of Qomolangma is considered the greatest achievement in mountaineering. Climbers spend years training and preparing. They must learn technical climbing skills, improve their physical fitness, and understand how to survive in extreme conditions. The journey usually takes about two months, including the time needed for the body to adjust to the high altitude.
In recent years, concerns have been raised about overcrowding on Qomolangma. During the climbing season, long lines of climbers wait near the summit, sometimes for hours. This increases the risk of death, especially in the "death zone" where every minute counts. Environmental problems have also become serious. Tons of rubbish, including empty oxygen bottles and broken equipment, have been left on the mountain.
To solve these problems, both China and Nepal have introduced stricter rules for climbers. They now require climbers to prove their experience on other high mountains before being allowed to attempt Qomolangma. They also require each climber to bring down a certain amount of rubbish.
Qomolangma remains a symbol of human courage and determination. But as more people attempt to climb it, finding the balance between adventure and safety becomes increasingly important.
How high is Mount Qomolangma? A. 8,000 meters. B. 8,849 meters. C. 8,948 meters. D. 9,000 meters.
What does the underlined phrase "death zone" mean in Paragraph 3? A. A place where many people go skiing. B. An area on the mountain where survival is very difficult. C. A safe place for climbers to rest. D. A camp where climbers can get food and water.
When was the first successful ascent of Qomolangma? A. In 1924. B. In 1953. C. In 1960. D. In 2000.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the increasing risk on Qomolangma? A. Overcrowding near the summit. B. Long waiting times in the death zone. C. Extreme weather conditions. D. Too many experienced climbers.
What is the main idea of the passage? A. Climbing Qomolangma is easy and safe. B. No one should be allowed to climb Qomolangma. C. People climb Qomolangma for different reasons, but safety and environmental concerns are growing. D. Qomolangma is not the highest mountain in the world.
答案： 1-5 B B B D C
解析：
- B（根据第一段"It stands at 8,849 meters above sea level"可知，珠穆朗玛峰高度为8849米。）
- B（根据第三段"where the air is so thin that most people cannot survive for more than 48 hours"可知，"死亡地带"是指生存极其困难的区域。）
- B（根据第三段"Since the first successful ascent in 1953 by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay"可知，首次成功登顶是在1953年。）
- D（根据第五段，overcrowding、long lines、every minute counts说明了风险增加的原因，D选项"太多有经验的登山者"并非风险增加的原因。）
- C（文章主要讲述了人们攀登珠峰的原因，以及安全和环境问题日益严峻。）
（八）阅读理解（C）——任务型阅读
阅读短文，完成表格中所缺的信息，每空一词。
Many students have hobbies. They enjoy their hobbies when they are free from schoolwork. Hobbies can bring pleasure and success to their lives. But sometimes hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork, and parents may worry about their children's achievements at school.
Li Ying, a fifteen-year-old student, is one example. She is crazy about volleyball and wants to be a professional volleyball player in the future. However, her parents don't allow her to train so much. "My parents want me to study hard for exams," Li Ying says. "They think if I become a volleyball player, I won't have a stable career. But I believe I should be allowed to make my own decisions. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream."
Liu Wei, another student, has a different problem. He enjoys watching TV and playing computer games in his free time. His parents think these activities are a waste of time. "Sometimes I feel stressed after studying for a long time," Liu Wei explains. "Playing games helps me relax. But my parents don't understand this. They just want me to study all the time."
Dr. Chen, an expert on family education, offers some advice. "Communication is the key to solving these problems. Children should talk with their parents honestly and share their feelings. Parents should also try to understand their children and respect their interests. A balance between study and hobbies is important for children's development."
| Student | Hobby | Parent's Opinion | Student's Opinion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Li Ying | Playing 1.______ | Worried about her schoolwork and future 2.______ | Should be allowed to 3.______ her own decisions |
| Liu Wei | Watching TV and playing 4.______ games | A waste of 5.______ | Helps him 6.______ after studying |
答案：
- volleyball（根据第二段"She is crazy about volleyball"）
- career（根据第二段"They think if I become a volleyball player, I won't have a stable career"）
- make（根据第二段"I should be allowed to make my own decisions"）
- computer（根据第三段"playing computer games"）
- time（根据第三段"His parents think these activities are a waste of time"）
- relax（根据第三段"Playing games helps me relax"）
（九）书面表达（一）
题目：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他最近经常和父母吵架，因为父母不允许他花太多时间打篮球，他感到很苦恼。请你给他回一封信，提出一些建议。
要求：
- 词数80-100；
- 信中须包含所有要点，并可适当发挥；
- 不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
参考范文：
Dear Tom,
I'm sorry to hear that you're having trouble communicating with your parents. Here are some suggestions that might help you.
First, you should calm down and try to understand your parents. They just want you to focus on your studies because they care about your future. Why not have a honest talk with them? Tell them how much you love basketball and explain that doing sports helps you stay healthy and relax.
Second, you could make a study plan and promise your parents that you won't let basketball affect your schoolwork. Maybe you can reach an agreement: only play basketball after you finish your homework.
Third, ask your teachers for help if necessary. They can talk to your parents and explain that proper exercise is good for students.
I hope things will get better soon. Write to me again!
Yours, Li Hua
（十）书面表达（二）
题目：某英文报社正在举办题为"An Unforgettable Experience"的征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文，记述一次令你难忘的经历，并谈谈你的感受。
要求：
- 词数100-120；
- 短文须包括经历的时间、地点、经过和感受；
- 不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
参考范文：
An Unforgettable Experience
Last summer vacation, I volunteered at a local animal shelter, and it was truly an unforgettable experience.
I still remember the first day I arrived. The shelter was home to over fifty stray dogs and cats. My main job was to clean their living areas, feed them, and play with them. At first, I found the work tiring and boring. The smell was unpleasant, and some animals were not friendly to strangers.
However, everything changed on the third day. When I was cleaning a small dog's cage, it suddenly licked my hand and wagged its tail warmly. At that moment, I felt a strong connection with this little creature. I realized that these animals didn't just need food and shelter — they needed love and care.
During the two weeks of volunteering, I learned a lot. I understood what responsibility means and how important it is to show kindness to helpless animals. When I had to say goodbye, I felt sad but also proud of what I had done.
This experience taught me that helping others brings true happiness. I have decided to volunteer there every vacation from now on.
六、期末综合复习题
（满分120分，时间120分钟）
Part I 听力（共20分）
（注：听力部分为文字材料，实际考试中播放录音。）
A) 听句子，选择你所听到的单词。每个句子读一遍。（5分）
听力材料：
- You should take your temperature first.
- I was doing my homework when the phone rang.
- Have you ever been to the new museum?
- She has had this computer for three years.
- Could you please clean your room?
（1-5题答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C —— 此处题目选项在实际考试卷中列出）
B) 听对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。（10分）
听力材料： 6. W: What's wrong with you, Tom? M: I have a headache and I feel terrible. W: You should go home and rest. Q: What's the matter with Tom?
W: Were you watching TV at 9 o'clock last night? M: No, I was reading a book. My sister was watching TV. Q: What was the boy doing at 9 o'clock last night?
M: Have you finished reading Treasure Island yet? W: Yes, I finished it yesterday. It's really interesting. M: Could you lend it to me? W: Sure. Here you are. Q: What are they talking about?
W: How long have you been in Beijing? M: I've been here since 2018. That's about seven years. W: Do you like living here? M: Yes, very much. People here are friendly. Q: When did the man come to Beijing?
M: Did you use to live in the countryside? W: Yes, I did. But I moved to the city five years ago. M: Which do you prefer? W: Well, the countryside is peaceful, but the city is more convenient. Q: Where does the woman live now?
（6-10答案：6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.B）
C) 听短文，填写所缺信息。短文读两遍。（5分）
听力材料：
Last Saturday, our class had a volunteer activity. We went to an old people's home in the morning. When we arrived, the old people were very happy to see us.
First, we helped clean their rooms and wash their clothes. Some of us sang songs and performed short plays for them. I talked with an 82-year-old grandfather. He told me many interesting stories about his past.
At noon, we had lunch together. The food was simple but delicious. After lunch, we walked in the garden with them. An old lady taught us how to play Tai Chi.
When it was time to leave, everyone felt a little sad. The old people held our hands and said they hoped we could visit them again. I felt very proud that I could bring joy to them. This experience made me understand that we should care more about the elderly.
（答案：11. old people's home 12. sang songs 13. 82/eighty-two 14. Tai Chi 15. elderly/old people）
Part II 单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
—______ have you studied English? —Since I was seven years old. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far
The book is very interesting. I ______ it three times so far. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
My mother asked me ______ computer games for too long. A. not to play B. to not play C. don't play D. not play
—Could you please take out the rubbish? —______. I'll do it right away. A. Sorry, I can't B. Yes, sure C. No way D. That's too bad
I ______ my homework when my father came back home yesterday. A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
Mount Qomolangma is ______ mountain in the world. A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
—Have you ever been to Tokyo? —______. But I hope to go there next year. A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven't C. Yes, I did D. No, I didn't
You'd better not put off ______ today's work till tomorrow. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do
The old man ______ for ten years. We still miss him very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died
Tom said that he ______ to Beijing the next week. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went
______ fine weather it is! Let's go for a picnic. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
My brother ______ in this factory since he left school. A. has worked B. worked C. works D. is working
—Don't be late for school again, ______ you? —No, I won't. A. do B. will C. don't D. are
I found ______ difficult to finish the work in such a short time. A. that B. this C. it D. one
The teacher told us the earth ______ around the sun. A. moved B. moves C. is moving D. was moving
答案： 16-20 C B A B C 21-25 D B C C B 26-30 C A B C B
Part III 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面两篇短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
It was a cold winter evening. Mrs. White was cooking dinner 31______ the telephone rang. She hurried to answer it. It was a call from the 32______. "Your son, Tom, fell down and hurt his leg at school," the voice said. "Please come at 33______!"
Mrs. White was very 34______. She put on her coat and left the house 35______. It was snowing heavily outside. The road was 36______ and it was difficult to drive. But she drove as 37______ as she could.
When she arrived at the school, she ran to the school clinic quickly. To her 38______, Tom was sitting on a chair and talking with the school doctor happily. His leg was not badly hurt at all.
"Why did you call me?" Mrs. White asked the doctor. "Tom just had a small cut on his knee. It's nothing 39______."
"I didn't call you, Mrs. White," said the doctor. "Tom asked me 40______ he could use the telephone. He called you himself."
Mrs. White looked at Tom. Tom smiled and said, "I just wanted to tell you that I love you, Mom."
- A. while B. when C. before D. after
- A. school B. hospital C. police station D. friend
- A. last B. first C. once D. once
- A. happy B. angry C. worried D. surprised
- A. slowly B. carefully C. immediately D. quietly
- A. wide B. icy C. clean D. smooth
- A. fast B. slowly C. carefully D. well
- A. surprise B. joy C. sadness D. fear
- A. serious B. important C. interesting D. exciting
- A. what B. when C. if D. how
答案： 31-35 B A D C C 36-40 B A A A C
解析： 31. B（be doing...when...结构，表示"正在做某事，这时突然……"） 32. A（根据下文"at school"可知，电话是学校打来的） 33. D（at once立刻，马上） 34. C（儿子在学校受伤了，母亲应该很担心） 35. C（immediately立刻，马上，符合紧急情况） 36. B（icy结满冰的，下雪天路面结冰） 37. A（as fast as she could尽可能快地） 38. A（to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是） 39. A（nothing serious不严重） 40. C（if引导宾语从句，表示"是否"）
B
Reading is very important in our life. We can get knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds but also make us 41______ and happier. However, some students spend much time 42______ listening to music, watching TV or going online to play games. It takes much of their 43______ time.
So I would like to suggest that everyone should read more books, especially read classics 44______, so that we can spread our Chinese traditional culture to the world. Meanwhile, we should 45______ good reading habits. We could start reading for 15 minutes every day. Little by little, you will fall in love with reading.
Good books are 46______ friends. They not only tell us about human experiences but also help us to understand life better. Reading can bring us pleasure and success. Through reading, we can travel to different 47______ and times without leaving home. We can meet great people and learn from their wisdom.
What kind of books should we read? First, read textbooks well to get a good 48______ of each subject. Second, choose books that interest you. Third, ask your teachers or parents for 49______. They can recommend suitable books for you.
Remember, reading is to the mind 50______ exercise is to the body. Let's start reading now!
- A. more intelligent B. more difficult C. more boring D. more careless
- A. in B. on C. at D. with
- A. spare B. busy C. hard D. useful
- A. loudly B. silently C. wisely D. widely
- A. discover B. develop C. find D. follow
- A. good B. better C. best D. the best
- A. places B. schools C. families D. countries
- A. skill B. point C. knowledge D. progress
- A. money B. advice C. books D. help
- A. that B. which C. what D. how
答案： 41-45 A B A D B 46-50 C A C B C
解析： 41. A（阅读使人更聪明、更快乐，more intelligent更聪明的） 42. A（spend time in doing sth.花费时间做某事，in可省略） 43. A（spare time空闲时间） 44. D（widely广泛地，广泛阅读经典作品） 45. B（develop good reading habits养成良好的阅读习惯） 46. C（good books are best friends好书是最好的朋友） 47. A（travel to different places去不同的地方） 48. C（get a good knowledge of掌握好……的知识） 49. B（ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议） 50. C（what引导表语从句，"阅读对于思想正如运动对于身体"）
Part IV 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
A
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Teenagers' Problems and Solutions
Being a teenager isn't easy. You are not a child anymore, but you are not yet an adult. Many teenagers face problems that can make them feel stressed. Here are some common problems and advice on how to deal with them.
Problem 1: Too much homework Many students feel stressed because they have too much homework every day. They stay up late to finish it and don't get enough sleep. Solution: Make a study plan. Do the most important work first. Use your free time at school to start your homework. Don't wait until the last minute.
Problem 2: Problems with parents Many teenagers argue with their parents. Parents want their children to study hard, but teenagers want more freedom. Solution: Try to understand your parents. They worry about you because they love you. Talk to them calmly and tell them how you feel. Find time to do things together.
Problem 3: Peer pressure（同伴压力） Sometimes your friends may ask you to do things you don't want to do, like smoking or cheating in exams. Solution: Be strong and say no. True friends will respect your decisions. If you feel uncomfortable, talk to a teacher or another trusted adult.
Problem 4: Feeling lonely Some teenagers feel lonely because they don't have close friends or they have just moved to a new school. Solution: Join a club or a sports team. This is a great way to meet people with similar interests. Be friendly and open to others. A smile can help you make friends.
Remember, it's normal to have problems. The important thing is to face them bravely and ask for help when you need it.
What should you do if you have too much homework? A. Stay up all night to finish it. B. Copy your classmates' homework. C. Make a study plan and manage your time well. D. Tell your teacher you won't do it.
According to the passage, why do parents want their children to study hard? A. Because they want to control their children. B. Because they love their children and worry about them. C. Because they want their children to make a lot of money. D. Because their children are not clever.
What does the writer suggest doing if your friends ask you to smoke? A. Try it once. B. Say no bravely. C. Ask your parents to smoke too. D. Change your friends immediately.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a solution to feeling lonely? A. Joining a club. B. Joining a sports team. C. Being friendly to others. D. Staying at home alone.
What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To make teenagers feel worried about their problems. B. To help teenagers understand and deal with common problems. C. To criticize teenagers who have problems. D. To tell parents how to control their children.
答案： 51-55 C B B D B
B
Have you ever read Journey to the West? It is one of the most famous classical novels in China. Written by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century, this wonderful book tells the story of the Monkey King, also known as Sun Wukong.
The Monkey King is not just any normal monkey. In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey! This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person. To fight bad people, the Monkey King uses a magic stick. Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. At other times, he is able to make it big and long.
The Monkey King has excited the children of China for many years. And as soon as the TV program came out in 1986, Western children became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.
In recent years, many cartoon films about the Monkey King have been made. The character has also appeared in video games and comic books all over the world. He has become a symbol of courage and wisdom in Chinese culture.
Who wrote Journey to the West? A. Luo Guanzhong. B. Cao Xueqin. C. Wu Cheng'en. D. Shi Nai'an.
What can the Monkey King do according to the passage? A. He can fly to the moon. B. He can make 72 changes to his shape and size. C. He can swim across the ocean in one minute. D. He can speak all the languages in the world.
Why can't the Monkey King turn himself into a person? A. Because he doesn't want to. B. Because he is too lazy to do it. C. Because he cannot hide his tail. D. Because he doesn't know how to do it.
When did Western children become interested in the Monkey King story? A. In the 16th century. B. In 1986. C. In 1998. D. In 2000.
What does the Monkey King symbolize in Chinese culture? A. Peace and love. B. Courage and wisdom. C. Wealth and power. D. Beauty and art.
答案： 56-60 C B C B B
C
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Traveling Abroad
Have you ever been abroad? Traveling to foreign countries can be a great experience. 61______ Here are some things you should know before you go.
First, you need a passport. 62______ Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months after your return date. Some countries also require a visa, so check the requirements early.
Second, learn about the local culture. 63______ For example, in some countries, it's rude to tip in restaurants, while in others, not tipping is considered impolite. Knowing these customs will help you avoid embarrassing situations.
Third, keep your money and important documents safe. 64______ Carry only the cash you need for the day and keep the rest in a safe place at your hotel.
Finally, learn a few basic phrases in the local language. 65______ Even a simple "hello" or "thank you" in the local language can go a long way.
Traveling abroad can broaden your horizons and create wonderful memories. With good preparation, your trip will be safe and enjoyable.
A. This is especially important if you're traveling alone. B. However, it can also be challenging if you're not well prepared. C. Simple words like "hello" and "thank you" can help a lot. D. Different countries have different customs and traditions. E. It's also a good idea to make copies of your passport. F. This is the most important document for international travel. G. You should always carry your passport with you.
答案： 61-65 B F D E C
D
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。
The Teenager Who Saved His Neighbor
On a cold winter morning in January 2024, 14-year-old Zhang Wei was getting ready for school when he heard someone shouting for help. The voice came from his neighbor's house, an 80-year-old woman who lived alone.
Zhang Wei rushed to her house and found that the old woman had fallen in her bathroom and couldn't get up. The door was locked, so Zhang Wei called his father for help. Together, they broke down the door and got inside.
The old woman was lying on the cold floor. She had been there for over two hours and was very weak. Zhang Wei quickly called 120 while his father covered her with warm blankets. When the ambulance arrived, Zhang Wei helped the doctors carry the old woman downstairs.
"I was just doing what anyone would do," Zhang Wei said modestly when reporters interviewed him. "My teachers always tell us to help people in need."
The old woman's son, who lives in another city, came back as soon as he heard the news. He was very grateful to Zhang Wei and his father. "You saved my mother's life," he said with tears in his eyes. "We can never thank you enough."
Zhang Wei's school held a special ceremony to honor him. The headmaster said, "Zhang Wei has set a good example for all students. He showed courage, kindness, and a strong sense of responsibility."
- When did the story happen?（不超过5个词）
- Why couldn't Zhang Wei get into the house at first?（不超过10个词）
- How long had the old woman been lying on the floor?（不超过8个词）
- What did Zhang Wei do while his father covered the old woman with blankets?（不超过10个词）
- What did the headmaster think of Zhang Wei?（不超过15个词）
答案： 66. On a cold winter morning in January 2024. / In January 2024. 67. Because the door was locked. 68. For over two hours. / She had been there for over two hours. 69. He called 120. / He called the ambulance. 70. He thought Zhang Wei set a good example for all students. / He showed courage, kindness, and responsibility.
Part V 词汇运用（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
A) 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。（5分）
—Where is Jim? —He ______ (go) to the library. He will be back soon.
I ______ (not hear) from my pen pal since he moved to London.
When I got to the cinema, the film ______ (be) on for ten minutes.
You should practice ______ (speak) English every day.
By the time I arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ (leave).
答案： 71. has gone（has gone to表示去了某地未回） 72. haven't heard（since引导的时间状语，主句用现在完成时） 73. had been（for ten minutes表示一段时间，用延续性动词be on代替start，by the time+过去时，主句用过去完成时） 74. speaking（practice doing sth.练习做某事） 75. had left（by the time+过去时，主句用过去完成时）
B) 根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词。（10分）
- You have a high f______. You'd better go to see a doctor.
- The old man fell down and h______ his left leg.
- We should help the ______ (残疾的) people more.
- My father was very angry because I r______ to do my homework.
- The movie was so moving that it r______ me of my childhood.
- He is c______ about football. He plays it every day.
- The ______ (人口) of this city is about 10 million.
- You should ______ (交流) with your parents more often.
- The girl felt very n______ before the exam.
- Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the w______.
答案： 76. fever 77. hurt 78. disabled 79. refused 80. reminded 81. crazy 82. population 83. communicate 84. nervous 85. world
Part VI 完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据所给汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
当暴风雨来临时，我们正在上英语课。 We ______ ______ an English class when the rainstorm came.
你以前去过科学博物馆吗？ ______ you ever ______ to a science museum before?
我们应该想出一个办法来解决这个问题。 We should ______ ______ ______ a way to solve this problem.
这本书我已经借了五天了。 I have ______ this book ______ five days.
为什么不向老师求助呢？ ______ ______ ask your teacher for help?
答案： 86. were having（过去进行时，came为过去时，when引导时间状语从句） 87. Have; been（现在完成时，have been to去过某地） 88. come up with（come up with想出，should后接动词原形） 89. kept; for（borrow不能与时间段连用，转换为keep，for+时间段） 90. Why not（Why not+动词原形，表建议）
Part VII 书面表达（共1题，共15分）
- 假如你是李华，你们班上周日组织了一次志愿者活动。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报投稿。
活动内容：
- 时间：上周日上午
- 地点：市中心公园
- 参加人员：全班同学
- 活动内容：捡垃圾、清理湖面、向游客宣传环保知识
- 活动感受：虽然累但很有意义；认识到保护环境的重要性
要求：
- 词数100-120；
- 包含所有要点，可适当发挥；
- 不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
参考范文：
Last Sunday morning, our class organized a volunteer activity at the city center park. All the classmates took part in it.
We arrived at the park at 8:30 a.m. First, we were divided into three groups. Group One picked up rubbish on the ground. Group Two cleaned the lake and collected floating trash. I was in Group Three. Our task was to hand out leaflets to visitors and tell them about environmental protection. Many visitors praised our work and promised to take better care of the environment.
We worked for about three hours. Although everyone felt tired, we were very happy. This activity made me realize the importance of protecting the environment. I think if everyone makes a small effort, our world will become much more beautiful. I hope we can have more such volunteer activities in the future. It is really meaningful to help others and serve our community.
七、参考答案与解析
Part I 听力
1-5: B A C B C 6-10: A B C C B 11. old people's home 12. sang songs 13. 82 / eighty-two 14. Tai Chi 15. elderly / old people
Part II 单项选择
- C（How long对时间段提问，since回答表示一段时间）
- B（so far是现在完成时的标志词，表示"到目前为止"）
- A（ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人不要做某事）
- B（对Could you please...?的肯定回答用Yes, sure. / No problem. / Of course.）
- C（when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时）
- D（in the world表示范围，用最高级，最高级前加定冠词the）
- B（根据后句"But I hope to go there next year"可知没去过，用否定回答）
- C（put off doing sth.推迟做某事，off是介词，后接动名词）
- C（for ten years是一段时间，die是瞬间动词，需转换为延续性动词be dead）
- B（直接引语变间接引语，主句said为过去时，will要改为would）
- C（weather是不可数名词，感叹句结构：What+形容词+不可数名词！）
- A（since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时）
- B（否定祈使句的反意疑问句用will you）
- C（it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to finish...）
- B（宾语从句表述客观真理，永远用一般现在时）
Part III 完形填空
A篇 31-35: B A D C C 36-40: B A A A C B篇 41-45: A B A D B 46-50: C A C B C
Part IV 阅读理解
51-55: C B B D B 56-60: C B C B B 61-65: B F D E C 66. On a cold winter morning in January 2024. 67. Because the door was locked. 68. For over two hours. 69. He called 120. 70. He thought Zhang Wei set a good example. / He showed courage and kindness.
Part V 词汇运用
- has gone 72. haven't heard 73. had been 74. speaking 75. had left
- fever 77. hurt 78. disabled 79. refused 80. reminded
- crazy 82. population 83. communicate 84. nervous 85. world
Part VI 完成句子
- were having 87. Have; been 88. come up with 89. kept; for 90. Why not
八、拓展提高训练
提高训练一：现在完成时强化练习
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
- I ______ (know) Li Ming for five years.
- My father ______ (buy) a new car. He bought it last week.
- —______ you ______ (finish) your homework yet? —Yes, I ______ just ______ (finish) it.
- The movie ______ (be) on for half an hour.
- She ______ (be) to Beijing twice.
- My brother ______ (join) the army two years ago. He ______ (be) in the army since then.
- How long ______ you ______ (live) here?
- The old man ______ (die). He ______ (be) dead for ten years.
- I ______ (not see) him since we left school.
- ______ you ever ______ (ride) a horse?
答案：
- have known（for five years用现在完成时，know→known）
- has bought（过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时）
- Have; finished; have; finished（yet和just都是现在完成时的标志）
- has been（for half an hour用延续性动词be on）
- has been（have been to去过某地）
- joined; has been（ago用一般过去时，since then用现在完成时，join→be in）
- have; lived（how long提问时间段，用现在完成时）
- died; has been（第一空单纯陈述过去用died，第二空for ten years用be dead）
- haven't seen（since从句用现在完成时）
- Have; ridden（ever用现在完成时，ride→ridden）
提高训练二：完形填空（拔高）
Friendship is one of the most precious things in life. A true friend is someone who 1______ you for who you are, not for what you have. But how do you know if someone is a true friend?
A true friend is always there for you. When you are in 2______, a true friend will not run away. Instead, they will stand by your side and try to help you. When you are happy, they will 3______ your joy without jealousy. When you are sad, they will offer a shoulder to cry on.
True friends are also 4______. They tell you the truth even when it hurts. If you are making a mistake, a true friend will tell you, not because they want to make you feel bad, but because they care about you. As the saying goes, "A friend in need is a friend 5______."
However, friendship is a two-way street. To have a true friend, you must 6______ be a true friend. You need to give as much as you take. You need to be honest, loyal, and supportive. You need to respect your friend's feelings and 7______.
Sometimes, friends may have 8______. This is normal. What matters is how you deal with them. If you have a problem with your friend, talk about it. Don't let small problems grow into big ones. Communication is the 9______ to any healthy relationship.
In conclusion, true friendship takes time to build. It requires effort, understanding, and patience from 10______ sides. Treasure your true friends, for they are the greatest gift life can offer.
- A. believes B. likes C. accepts D. respects
- A. trouble B. school C. hospital D. bed
- A. share B. forget C. hide D. lose
- A. patient B. honest C. careful D. quiet
- A. forever B. truly C. indeed D. always
- A. also B. still C. never D. seldom
- A. hobbies B. opinions C. mistakes D. grades
- A. agreements B. competitions C. discussions D. disagreements
- A. door B. way C. key D. secret
- A. neither B. both C. either D. all
答案： 1-5 C A A B C 6-10 A B D C B
提高训练三：阅读理解（挑战）
The role of technology in education has become one of the most debated topics in modern society. Some people believe that technology, especially computers and the Internet, has revolutionized the way students learn. Others argue that traditional teaching methods are more effective.
Those who support technology in education point out several advantages. First, the Internet provides students with access to almost unlimited information. Students can research any topic without being limited to textbooks. Second, technology makes learning more interactive and engaging. Educational apps and games can make difficult subjects more interesting. Third, online learning allows students to study at their own pace. They can review lessons as many times as needed.
However, critics of technology in education raise valid concerns. One major worry is that students spend too much time on screens, which can harm their eyesight and reduce physical activity. Another concern is that the Internet contains a lot of false information, and young students may not be able to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources. Furthermore, some teachers argue that technology can be distracting. Students might be tempted to play games or use social media instead of focusing on their studies.
In my opinion, the key is to find a balance between technology and traditional methods. Technology should be used as a tool to support learning, not to replace teachers. Schools should establish clear rules about when and how technology can be used. Teachers should receive proper training to integrate technology effectively into their lessons. Parents should also monitor their children's screen time at home.
As we move further into the digital age, it is clear that technology will continue to play an important role in education. The challenge is to harness its benefits while minimizing its drawbacks. With careful planning and thoughtful implementation, technology can truly enhance the learning experience for students around the world.
What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of computers in schools. B. The debate about technology's role in education. C. How to use educational apps. D. The disadvantages of the Internet.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of technology in education mentioned in the passage? A. Providing unlimited information. B. Making learning more interactive. C. Reducing the need for teachers. D. Allowing students to learn at their own pace.
What does the underlined word "distinguish" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Create. B. Spread. C. Tell the difference. D. Understand.
What is the writer's opinion about technology in education? A. Schools should completely ban technology. B. Technology should replace traditional teaching methods. C. A balance between technology and traditional methods should be found. D. Technology has no place in education.
What does the writer suggest schools should do? A. Buy more computers for students. B. Establish clear rules about technology use. C. Stop using textbooks completely. D. Allow students to use phones freely in class.
答案： 1-5 B C C C B
提高训练四：写作提升（高分范文）
题目：随着科技发展，越来越多的学生使用手机。有人认为学生应该带手机上学，有人反对。请你就此话题发表看法，写一篇120词左右的短文。
高分范文：
Should Students Be Allowed to Use Mobile Phones at School?
The question of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones at school has sparked heated debate. From my perspective, mobile phones should be permitted but with strict limitations.
On one hand, mobile phones offer educational benefits. Students can use them to look up information, access online learning resources, and communicate with teachers and classmates about schoolwork. In case of emergencies, having a phone allows students to contact their parents immediately.
On the other hand, unrestricted phone use can cause serious problems. Many students lack self-discipline and may spend hours playing games or chatting on social media during class. This not only affects their own learning but also distracts others. Excessive screen time can also harm students' eyesight and mental health.
In conclusion, I believe schools should allow students to bring phones but require them to be turned off during class time. Schools could also educate students about responsible phone use. Only through proper guidance can we maximize the benefits of technology while minimizing its negative effects.
附录：重点语法速查表
时态对照表
| 时态 | 结构 | 时间标志词 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | do/does | always, usually, every day |
| 一般过去时 | did | yesterday, ago, last week, in 2020 |
| 一般将来时 | will do / be going to | tomorrow, next week, in the future |
| 过去进行时 | was/were doing | at 8 o'clock last night, when... |
| 现在完成时 | have/has done | already, yet, ever, never, since, for |
| 过去完成时 | had done | by the time, before + 过去时 |
现在完成时重点速记
四大标志词： already, yet, ever, never 两大持续标志： for + 时间段, since + 时间点 三大"去过"： have been to（去过已回）, have gone to（去了未回）, have been in（在某地待了多久） 瞬间→延续转换： buy→have, borrow→keep, open→be open, die→be dead, leave→be away, join→be in
本资料编写说明： 本资料依据人民教育出版社《义务教育教科书·英语》八年级下册编写，涵盖全册10个单元的核心词汇、重点语法、必背短语和句型，以及常见题型和期末综合复习题。本册语法重点为现在完成时，建议同学们重点掌握其基本用法、标志词辨析、瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换以及have been to/gone to/been in的区别。
学习方法建议：
- 每天背诵一个单元的单词和短语，循环复习
- 重点练习现在完成时和过去进行时的题目
- 完形填空和阅读理解要坚持每天练习一篇
- 书面表达要注意积累好词好句，多模仿范文
- 利用碎片时间复习本资料中的语法速查表